英国議会の書面による声明・質問・回答・陳述
専門家の視点
英国政府が、強制労働の防止を含む人権デューデリジェンスを企業に義務づける方針を示しました。対象は世界売上高または対英売上高が3.5億ポンド超の大企業で、サービスは全英、物品はグレートブリテンに適用されます。根拠として、現行枠組みが断片的で自主的行動と報告措置に依存しすぎている点、2015年現代奴隷法が国際基準の進展でG7各国から遅れている点を挙げています。 ここで押さえるべきは、規制の「導入」と「執行」の非対称性です。対象を大企業に絞り、段階的かつ比例的な接近とされていますが、何をもってリスクを「特定し対処した」と判定するのか、効果を測る指標や比較基準は本文に見えません。経済成長と行政負担の軽減への配慮が明記され、負担と実効性の綱引きが制度設計に織り込まれている構造です。企業側は対象範囲の判定と供給網の可視化を、制度側は判定基準と実効性の担保を、それぞれ先に詰める必要があります。 次の観測点は、法案の提出時期と、リスク対処の評価基準が具体的に規定されるかどうかです。
In the Trade Strategy, the Government committed to an evidence-based review of the UK’s approach to promoting Responsible Business Conduct (RBC), to assess whether our current framework remains fit for purpose. This highlighted areas where the UK’s approach could be strengthened and today, I am updating the House on the Government’s proposed action to address those findings. In our review, we found the UK’s current framework for preventing forced labour to be fragmented and overly reliant on voluntary action and reporting measures. While the Modern Slavery Act 2015 was world leading at the time of its introduction, international standards and legislative practice have since moved on leaving the UK out-of-step with G7 partners and other major trading economies. While plans to strengthen the Modern Slavery Act through the Immigration and Asylum Bill are an important step, we recognise that further action is needed to bring us in line with key partners. Having carefully considered our findings alongside the Government's commitments on economic growth, reducing administrative burdens and maintaining the integrity of the UK internal market, we have concluded that a phased and proportionate approach is appropriate. The Government's priority is to focus on those interventions most likely to deliver tangible improvements for workers, consumers and businesses, while ensuring reforms are practical, targeted and capable of being implemented at pace. We will legislate to introduce a mandatory human rights due diligence regime across the UK for services, and in Great Britain for goods. Only the largest businesses, with the capability and leverage to manage these risks within their supply chains, will be in scope. It will apply to UK businesses with a global turnover of over £350 million, as well as non-UK businesses with a UK-generated turnover of over £350 million. These businesses will be required to identify, assess and address risks of human rights abuses and labour exploita
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